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4.7 ★★★★★
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★★★★★ 5
The Barbarous Years: The Peopling of British North America: The Conflict of... Bernard Bailyn
Format: Hardcover
A remarkable book!!!
I have never read such a comprehensive book on early United States history that contained so much information I had never read before.
How the status of "indentured servant" existed alongside the origins of slavery in Virginia and Maryland (along the Chesapeake Bay) was both remarkable and horrible.
That a white man (typically, landowner) could have a child with a (black) slave who would become a free person at adulthood (earliest laws) created problems (they needed the "help"), so this law of the 1650s-1660s was changed! And if a white (free) woman had a child with a (black) slave, the resulting child would remain a slave! Matrilineal or patrilineal human rights, that is the question.
Indentured servant, but with no expiration date.
I had never before read how people in this country were real "pioneers" in the creation of slavery - at least with slavery of humans captured from the continent of Africa! It seems that whatever voices of "Christian" decency there might have been at the time - church based values or ones simply based in the hearts of people living here - they were drowned out by commercial interests or those who simply couldn't be bothered by such concerns.
I hope you read this book and recommend it to your friends!
Sincerely,
Bob Cargill, Minneapolis
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Reviewed in the United States on April 19, 2013
★★★★★ 3
A decent primer -- no more.
Format: Hardcover
This is an odd book for one of America's premier historians. It isn't a bad book -- a person of Bailyn's erudition couldn't write a bad book -- but it doesn't hang together well. The author does not really have anything new to say and a historian of the Early Colonial Period will quickly recognize the usual sources. It is hard to see exactly what historiographical niche this book fills.
Even the title is misleading. Sure, Jamestown was barbarous enough by our standards and New Amsterdam was plenty harsh. But, the Bay Colony was, by the rough-and-ready standards of 17th century Europe, pretty civilized. (Compare it with the contemporaneous English Civil War or the Thirty Years War.) As for "Conflict of Civilizations," there was certainly enough of that but the most interesting part of the book, the last third or so on the Bay Colony, is largely an account of Puritan theological quarrels.
In fact, one senses that Bailyn felt like he was "home" when he wrote about the Bay Colony. He has, after all, written about New England since 1955 ("Merchants.") He gives the reader a clear account of the theological duels between Winthrop, Cotton, Hooker, Williams, Hutchinson and others. But, others have done this as well or better.
Bailyn all but ties himself in a knot to be politically correct toward the Native Americans. For every Indian atrocity he finds a matching atrocity in European civilization. Still, if captured in war one was likely to be a lot better off among the English, French or Dutch than the Pequods. A LOT better off!
This volume is part of a series that explores the settling of North America and hardly anyone is better equipped for this than the author. But, what begins as a good account of the horrors of Jamestown drifts into a twice-told tale of the niceties of Puritan disputation. It is almost as if Bailyn got bored half-way through and started channeling Perry Miller.
A good book in its way and quite useful for an upper division course or first-year graduate seminar. But, not well-written enough to snare the casual reader and not original enough to snare the professional historian. An odd number.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 19, 2013
★★★★★ 5
Sheds Light On A Dimly Perceived Period
Format: Kindle
This book is clearly intended for those of us (non-historians) curious about what is a dimly perceived period of North American colonial history. Living as I do in Tidewater Virginia, I consider myself fairly well versed with the earliest years of English settlement or invasion, depending on your point of view. But, I was wrong. I had, of course, read about the wretched first two years of the Jamestown enterprise, but I had no idea just how ghastly the conditions of the first twenty years of the English colonial period were. Wave after wave of newcomers simply starved or died of disease in those years. The mortality rate was shocking. So many people were dying off that the local Indians did not even think it necessary to kill these newcomers (which proved a mistake, of course). And this was not just at Jamestown. For example, the author says that in any given year in one county 30 to 40% of the children under the age of eight were orphans. And the origins of many of these earliest colonists -- orphans dumped by local churches, beggars snatched off of urban streets, prisoners marched from gaol to waiting ships, many poor people literally kidnapped or tricked into emigrating -- was eye-opening. Talk about the refuse of British society. (As an aside, anyone whose humble immigrant ancestors came to Virginia in those years can forget about doing any genealogical research. You will never find the answers to your questions.)
This does tend to be a bleak read. One of the things that jumped out at me was the sad, repetitive tale of European-Indian relations. It mattered not where one was. Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Amsterdam, New York, the pattern is always the same. Trade and early friendly relations were quickly undermined by misunderstandings, stupidity, devious tricks, alcohol, and land disputes that led to attack and counter attack and massacres on both sides.
One of the things I did enjoy was the Indians' views of Christianity. Those mentioned by the author viewed it as little more than a strange dream. When the concept of a universal god was explained to them they laughed and called it a silly fable. I can only agree. My respect for their powers of reasoning and perspicacity rose immeasurably. Just who was the savage?
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Reviewed in the United States on July 30, 2013
★★★★★ 4
Interesting, but a little scattershot (3.75*s)
Format: Paperback
One thing is for certain, in this highly detailed work by the author, there is no attempt to sugarcoat the European experience in emigrating to America in the 17th century. He examines Virginia, the Chesapeake area, New York, and New England. In the initial stages merely surviving was an accomplishment. Most of the early settlers were clueless about overcoming the harsh conditions that they found, not to mention the savagery that the natives unleashed upon them without warning. A large supply of the weak and vulnerable facilitated this peopling of America, despite the dreadful conditions.
In addition, as the author shows in great detail, are the conflicts among the settlers. America was settled during a time of great political and religious clashes in England. Most of the settlers were Protestants, but held widely differing, contentious views about religious practice. Much of the governance of the colonies was autocratic, inept, and harsh. A good many of the settlers were indentured by contract for years and thereby were practically slaves, in contrast to the well connected who were granted huge estates. But even then, the author points out that the living standards for even the rich were terrible by European standards.
The book is definitely more sociology than historical. One learns about the origins of the settlers across America and the implications for the possibility of robust communities. The author definitely does not hold back on naming thousands of settlers across the colonies; it is difficult to slog through all of that. The book does seem a little scattershot in its organization and subject matter.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 10, 2017
★★★★★ 5
UNDERSTANDING THE COLONIAL POPULATING OF THE NEW WORLD. AN ACADEMIC WORK.
Format: Paperback
Pulitzer Prize winning author Bernard Bailyn writing The Barbarous Years opens a sweeping and authoritative discourse into the peopling of North American between 1600 and 1675. From Jamestown, Virginia to Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay Colony, who were these individuals who braved three plus months voyages on small, crowded and disease infested ships to arrive at the edge of the American wilderness? You will learn not only who they were but why some succeeded while others were destined to fail.
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No one needs tout Bailey's credentials as historian and researcher. He is brilliant. However, what is most remarkable is his ability to keep the subject flowing, fascinating and understandable for the lay reader. Bailyn delivers in brilliant digital display the complexity and challenges of the people responsible for the early settlement of North America.
Think of this:
Why did the Jamestown fail numerous times?
Why did the Catholics establish a foothold in Maryland and the Finns and Swedes in Delaware?
Why did The Massachusetts Bay Colony begin to work from day one.? Was it religious fervor or the composition of the settlers themselves?
What role did the varied Native American tribes play in the success or failure of early settlement.
How did the Pilgrims differ from the Puritans and the aforementioned from the Quakers and the Dutch?
Were indentured servants a precursor to slavery?
Winthrop, Bradford ,Stuyvesant, Keift, Underhill, King Philips War.
The Barbarous Years that marked the original settling of America is a most accurate title for the book. Adventurers, scoundrels, orphans, preachers, doctors, lawyers, Native Americans, politicians, merchants and perhaps most important, the hundreds of unnamed families with children who came to America during the Great Migration of the 1630s , bringing with them the skills and the ethic to permanently settle on the land.
The " New World" was British North America during its early settlement but Bailyn clearly identifies the complexity of cultures, trade and geography that would eventually become America. The Barbarous Years is a fabulous foundation for understanding colonial America's formative years. Also by Bernard Bailyn: The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson, and Voyages to the West, which won a Pulitzer.
A wonderful different perspective of the settlement of the Massachusetts Bay Colony comes from reading Anya Seton's historical novel Winthrop Women. A second suggestion is Philbrick's book Mayflower. Search Gordonsgoodreads.com for overviews of both.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 30, 2014
